were carried before the processions

triumphus (in the earliest per. written triumpus; v. the foll.; and cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 20; and the letter P), i, m. [cf. thriambos, a hymn in honor of Bacchus].

TRIVMPE, an exclamation used in the solemn processions of the Arval brothers: ENOS MARMOR IVVATO. TRIVMPE, TRIVMPE, TRIVMPE, Carm. Fratr. Arv. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2270.—

A solemn and magnificent entrance of a general into Rome after having obtained an important victory, a triumphal procession, triumph (cf. Smith, Antiq. 1163 sqq.):

disseres de triumpho. Quid tandem habet iste currus? quid vincti ante currum duces! quid simulacra oppidorum? quid aurum? etc.,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60; cf. Liv. 34, 52, 4; cf. id. 3, 29, 4:

triumphum deportare,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 78:

ne in triumpho duceretur,

id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118:

Gallos Caesar in triumphum ducit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

senatus cum triumphum Africano decerneret,

id. Fin. 4, 9, 22:

de classe populi Romani triumphum agere,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 100; Liv. 45, 38, 11:

triumphum ex Etruriā agere,

id. 6, 7, 4: deportare triumphum ex provinciā, Nep. Cato, 2:

Boiorum triumphi spem collegae reliquit,

for a victory over the Boii, Liv. 33, 37, 10; cf.:

Pharsalicae pugnae ne triumphum quidem egit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 8, 23:

per triumphum aliquem ducere,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 67; Sall. H. 4, 61, 8 Dietsch:

triumpho clarissimo urbem est invectus,

Liv. 30, 45, 2:

elephantos ducere in triumpho,

Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 139: (res) justissimi triumphi, i. e. worthy of a triumph, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 3:

qui (Pompeius) tot habet triumphos, quot orae sunt partesque terrarum,

Cic. Balb. 4, 9:

albi greges... Romanos ad templa deūm duxere triumphos,

i. e. were carried before the processions, Verg. G. 2, 148.—The shout of the soldiery and the multitude on occasion of these triumphal processions was:

Io triumphe,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 49 and 50; id. Epod. 9, 21; 9, 23; cf. Liv. 45, 38, 12; Suet. Caes. 49; 51.—

Trop., a triumph, victory:

ut repulsam tuam triumphum suum duxerint,

Cic. Vatin. 16, 39: luxuriae ( gen. subj.), Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 14:

de se ipso,

Just. 14, 4, 6.

triumphus (in the earliest per. written triumpus; v. the foll.; and cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160; Quint. 1, 5, 20; and the letter P), i, m. [cf. thriambos, a hymn in honor of Bacchus].

TRIVMPE, an exclamation used in the solemn processions of the Arval brothers: ENOS MARMOR IVVATO. TRIVMPE, TRIVMPE, TRIVMPE, Carm. Fratr. Arv. ap. Inscr. Orell. 2270.—

A solemn and magnificent entrance of a general into Rome after having obtained an important victory, a triumphal procession, triumph (cf. Smith, Antiq. 1163 sqq.):

disseres de triumpho. Quid tandem habet iste currus? quid vincti ante currum duces! quid simulacra oppidorum? quid aurum? etc.,

Cic. Pis. 25, 60; cf. Liv. 34, 52, 4; cf. id. 3, 29, 4:

triumphum deportare,

Cic. Off. 1, 22, 78:

ne in triumpho duceretur,

id. Tusc. 5, 40, 118:

Gallos Caesar in triumphum ducit,

Suet. Caes. 80:

senatus cum triumphum Africano decerneret,

id. Fin. 4, 9, 22:

de classe populi Romani triumphum agere,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 39, § 100; Liv. 45, 38, 11:

triumphum ex Etruriā agere,

id. 6, 7, 4: deportare triumphum ex provinciā, Nep. Cato, 2:

Boiorum triumphi spem collegae reliquit,

for a victory over the Boii, Liv. 33, 37, 10; cf.:

Pharsalicae pugnae ne triumphum quidem egit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 8, 23:

per triumphum aliquem ducere,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 67; Sall. H. 4, 61, 8 Dietsch:

triumpho clarissimo urbem est invectus,

Liv. 30, 45, 2:

elephantos ducere in triumpho,

Plin. 7, 43, 45, § 139: (res) justissimi triumphi, i. e. worthy of a triumph, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 3:

qui (Pompeius) tot habet triumphos, quot orae sunt partesque terrarum,

Cic. Balb. 4, 9:

albi greges... Romanos ad templa deūm duxere triumphos,

i. e. were carried before the processions, Verg. G. 2, 148.—The shout of the soldiery and the multitude on occasion of these triumphal processions was:

Io triumphe,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 49 and 50; id. Epod. 9, 21; 9, 23; cf. Liv. 45, 38, 12; Suet. Caes. 49; 51.—

Trop., a triumph, victory:

ut repulsam tuam triumphum suum duxerint,

Cic. Vatin. 16, 39: luxuriae ( gen. subj.), Plin. 37, 2, 6, § 14:

de se ipso,

Just. 14, 4, 6.

fax, făcis (also in the nom. sing. ‡ faces, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 87, 9 Müll.; gen. plur.: facum, acc. to Charis. p. 113 P., but without example), f. [root bhā, to shine; cf. favilla], a torch, firebrand, flambeau, link, orig. of pine or other resinous wood.

Lit. (syn.: taeda, funale, cerĕus, candela, lucerna, laterna): alii faces atque aridam materiem de muro in aggerem eminus jaciebant, * Caes. B. G. 7, 24, 4; Liv. 22, 16, 7:

ambulare cum facibus,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 52:

malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare,

Cic. Cat. 1, 13, 32; cf.:

ego faces jam accensas ad hujus urbis incendium exstinxi,

id. Pis. 2, 5:

servi in tecta nostra cum facibus immissi,

id. Att. 14, 10, 1; cf.:

faces incendere,

id. Phil. 2, 36, 91:

si te in Capitolium faces ferre vellet,

id. Lael. 11, 37:

ardentem facem praeferre,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74:

castris inicere,

Tac. H. 4, 60;

subdere urbi,

Curt. 5, 7, 4:

faces ferro inspicare,

Verg. G. 1, 292; cf.:

facis incidere,

Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 233:

dilapsam in cineres facem,

Hor. C. 4, 13, 28.—At weddings, the torch carried before the bride on the way to her home, usually made of white-thorn (Spina alba) or pine, the nuptial torch: spina, nuptiarum facibus auspicatissima, Masur. ap. Plin. 16, 18, 30, § 75; Fest. s. v. patrimi, p. 245; s. v. rapi, p. 289 Müll.; Varr. ap. Non. 112, 27; id. ap. Serv. Verg. E. 8, 29; Plaut. Cas. 1, 30; Cat. 61, 98 sq.; Verg. E. 8, 29; Ov. M. 10, 6; Stat. Th. 2, 259 al.;

hence, nuptiales,

Cic. Clu. 6, 15; Liv. 30, 13, 12:

maritae,

Ov. H. 11, 101:

legitimae,

Luc. 2, 356.—Cf. Anthon's Dict. of Antiq. p. 434, and v. infra. Torches were also carried in funeral processions, Verg. A. 11, 142; Prop. 3, 13 (4, 12), 17; Ov. F. 2, 561; id. H. 21, 172; Sen. Tranq. 11; id. Vit. Beat. fin.; id. Ep. 222;

and in the Eleusinian mysteries,

Juv. 15, 140.—An attribute of Cupid, Tib. 2, 1, 82; Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 16; Ov. M. 1, 461; 10, 312 al.;

of the Furies,

Verg. A. 7, 337; Ov. M. 4, 482; 508; 6, 430; Quint. 9, 3, 47 al.—

Transf.

On account of the use of torches at weddings ( poet.), a wedding, marriage:

face nuptiali digna,

Hor. C. 3, 11, 33; cf.:

te face sollemni junget sibi,

Ov. M. 7, 49.—And referring at the same time to the funeral torch:

viximus insignes inter utramque facem,

i. e. between marriage and death, Prop. 4 (5), 11, 46.—

The light of the heavenly bodies ( poet.):

dum roseā face sol inferret lumina caelo,

Lucr. 5, 976; cf.:

Phoebi fax, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18: canentes Rite crescentem face Noctilucam,

Hor. C. 4, 6, 38:

aeterna fax,

i. e. the sun, Sen. Thyest. 835.—

A fiery meteor, fire-ball, shooting-star, comet:

noctivagaeque faces caeli flammaeque volantes,

Lucr. 5, 1191; cf.:

nocturnasque faces caeli, sublime volantes,

id. 2, 206:

emicant et faces non nisi cum decidunt visae, etc.,

Plin. 2, 26, 25, § 96:

tum facibus visis caelestibus, tum stellis iis, quas Graeci cometas, nostri cincinnatas vocant,

Cic. N. D. 2, 5, 14; id. Cat. 3, 8, 18; Liv. 41, 21, 13; 29, 14, 3; Verg. A. 2, 694; Ov. M. 15, 787; Luc. 1, 528; Petr. 122; Sen. Oet. 232.—

Of lightning:

facem flammantem dirigere,

Val. Fl. 1, 569; id. 4, 671. —

Of the eyes:

oculi, geminae, sidera nostra, faces,

Prop. 2, 3, 14:

has ego credo faces, haec virginis ora Dianae,

Val. Fl. 5, 380; cf.:

tranquillaeque faces oculis et plurima vultu materinest,

Stat. Ach. 1, 164.—

Prima fax (noctis), early torchlight, immediately after dark (post-class.); cf.:

luminibus accensis, Auct. B. Afr. 89: tempus diei occiduum, mox suprema tempestas, hoc est diei novissimum tempus: deinde vespera: ab hoc tempore prima fax dicitur, deinde concubia, etc.,

Macr. S, 1, 3 fin.; Gell. 3, 2, 11; 18, 1 fin.; App. M. 2, p. 119, 20.

Trop.

That which illuminates, makes conspicuous ( poet.):

incipit parentum nobilitas facem praeferre pudendis,

Juv. 8, 139; cf. Sall. J. 80.—

That which inflames or incites, incitement, stimulus, cause of ruin, destruction (freq. and class.):

cum corporis facibus inflammari soleamus ad omnes fere cupiditates eoque magis incendi, quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 44:

me torret face mutua Calais,

flame of love, Hor. C. 3, 9, 13; cf.:

iraï fax,

Lucr. 3, 303:

dicendi faces,

flames, fires of eloquence, Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 205; cf.:

alicui quasi quasdam verborum faces admovere,

id. ib. 3, 1, 4:

alicui acriores ad studia dicendi faces subdere,

Quint. 1, 2, 25 Spald.:

hortator studii causaque faxque mei,

guide, leader, Ov. Pont. 1, 7, 28; and: incitator et fax omnium, Prud. steph. 10, 67:

subicere faces invidiae alicujus,

Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

flagrantibus jam militum animis velut faces addere,

Tac. H. 1, 24:

acerrimam bello facem praetulit,

id. ib. 2, 86:

(rogationes promulgavit) duas faces novantibus res ad plebem in optimates accendendam,

Liv. 32, 38, 9:

inde faces ardent, a dote,

Juv. 6, 139: adolescentulo ad libidinem facem praeferre, i. e. to be a leader or guide, Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

Antonius omnium Clodi incendiorum fax,

instigator, id. Phil. 2, 19, 48; cf.:

fax accusationis et origo,

Plin. Ep. 4, 9, 3:

fax hujus belli (Hannibal),

Liv. 21, 10, 11; Vell. 2, 25, 3:

dolorum cum admoventur faces,

Cic. Off. 2, 10, 37; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 25, 61:

(dolor) ardentes faces intentat,

id. ib. 5, 27, 76:

quae (Agrippinae) Gaium et Domitium Neronem principes genuere totidem facis generis humani,

destroyers, Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45.— Absol.:

cum his furiis et facibus, cum his exitiosis prodigiis (i e. Gabinio et Pisone),

Cic. Har. Resp. 2, 4.

laurus, i ( gen. laurūs, Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 132; 14, 16, 19, § 112; Col. 6, 7, 3 codd.; abl. lauru, Hor. C. 2, 7, 19;

but lauro,

id. ib. 3, 30, 16; nom. plur. laurus, Verg. A. 3, 91; acc. plur. laurus, id. E. 6, 83 al.; Tib. 2, 5, 63; gen. plur. lauruum, acc. to Charis. p. 110 P.), f. [cf. Germ. lor- in Lorbeere], a bay-tree, laurel-tree, laurel, sacred to Apollo; cf.:

aliquid cedo Qui vicini hanc nostram augeam aram Apollinis. Da sane hanc virgam lauri,

Plaut. Merc. 4, 1, 11;

it grew in greatest beauty on Parnassus, and hence is called Parnasia laurus,

Verg. G. 2, 18;

its branches were the decoration of poets,

Hor. C. 4, 2, 9;

of the flamens,

Liv. 23, 11; Ov. F. 3, 137. In festivals, the ancestral images were decorated with laurel, Cic. Mur. 41. The leaves, when eaten, were said to impart the power of prophesying, Tib. 2, 5, 63; Juv. 7, 19. Victorious generals, in triumphal processions, wore laurel crowns on their heads and carried laurel branches in their hands, while their lictors bore fasces bound with laurel, Cic. Att. 7, 10; Ov. M. 1, 560. Before the gate of the imperial palace stood two laurel-trees, with oaken crowns, in honor of the emperor, as the vanquisher of foes and the people's preserver:

janitrix Caesarum et pontificum,

Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 127 sqq.; Tert. Apol. 35. A wet branch of laurel was used in lustrations, to sprinkle the objects to be purified:

cuperent lustrari... si foret umida laurus,

Juv. 2, 158; cf. Dict. Antiq. s. v. lustratio.—

Meton. for laurea, a laurel crown, as the sign of a triumph; hence for triumph, victory:

incurrit haec nostra laurus non solum in oculos, sed, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 2:

Parthica,

Plin. Pan. 14:

Indica,

Stat. S. 4, 1, 4:

Sarmatica,

Mart. 7, 6, 10:

ornari lauro secunda,

Juv. 8, 253.